Class XII – Geography : 50 MCQs with Answers and Explanations.

Source: Contemporary India – II

Quiz Set 1: Glossary Terms in Geography (Class XII)

📘 Source: Contemporary India – II (Appendix & Glossary)


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Q1. What is the correct definition of an “Anticline”?
A. A type of volcanic eruption
B. A fold that resembles a trough
C. A fold in sedimentary strata resembling an arch
D. A river delta shape
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: An anticline is a type of fold that curves upward like an arch in sedimentary rock layers.


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Q2. GDP refers to—
A. Gross Domestic Products
B. General Daily Price
C. Goods Delivered per Person
D. Gross Domestic Product
✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: GDP is the total monetary value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specific period (usually one year).


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Q3. GVA can be calculated by—
A. Subtracting imports from exports
B. Adding indirect taxes to GDP
C. Adding subsidies and subtracting indirect taxes from GDP
D. Only counting industrial production
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: GVA = GDP + Subsidies on production − Indirect taxes.


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Q4. Who is a Geologist?
A. One who studies gases
B. One who studies weather
C. One who studies celestial bodies
D. One who studies the earth’s composition and history
✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: A geologist examines the structure, composition, and evolution of Earth.


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Q5. What is the average geothermal gradient in the Earth’s crust?
A. 10°C per km
B. 20°C per km
C. 30°C per km
D. 40°C per km
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: The geothermal gradient indicates a temperature increase of about 30°C for every kilometer below Earth’s surface.


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Q6. Humus is—
A. A mineral rock
B. Dead and decayed organic matter
C. An insecticide
D. A water source
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Humus enriches the soil by providing nutrients through decomposed organic material.


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Q7. Which of the following rocks solidify from molten magma?
A. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic
C. Igneous
D. Fossiliferous
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies.


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Q8. Which rock types are deposited in layers?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Volcanic
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition and compression of sediments.


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Q9. Which rock type results from transformation of existing rocks under pressure and heat?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossiliferous
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Metamorphic rocks evolve from igneous or sedimentary rocks under extreme heat and pressure.


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Q10. An “Oil Trap” is—
A. A storage container
B. A marine oil spill response system
C. A geological formation to accumulate oil and gas
D. A machine part
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Oil traps are natural underground formations that hold petroleum and natural gas.




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🏭 Quiz Set 2: Major Indian Steel Plants

📘 Source: Appendix-II, NCERT Class XII Geography


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Q1. Which steel plant was established by Jamshedji Tata in 1907?
A. Bhilai
B. Bokaro
C. TISCO
D. IISCO
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: TISCO (Tata Iron and Steel Company) was founded in 1907 in Jamshedpur by Jamshedji Tata.


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Q2. Where is the IISCO steel plant located?
A. Bhilai, Chhattisgarh
B. Burnpur, West Bengal
C. Rourkela, Odisha
D. Salem, Tamil Nadu
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: IISCO is located in Burnpur, West Bengal and was nationalised in 1972.


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Q3. Which steel plant was set up in collaboration with the Soviet Union in 1959?
A. Durgapur
B. Bhilai
C. Rourkela
D. VISL
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: The Bhilai Steel Plant in Chhattisgarh was established with help from the Soviet Union.


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Q4. Which Indian steel plant was developed with German collaboration?
A. Bokaro
B. Bhilai
C. Rourkela
D. Durgapur
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Rourkela Steel Plant in Odisha was set up with assistance from Germany.


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Q5. VISL (Vishveshvaraya Iron and Steel Limited) is located in—
A. Tamil Nadu
B. Karnataka
C. Odisha
D. West Bengal
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: VISL is located in Bhadravati, Karnataka.


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Q6. Which public sector steel plant began operations in 1972 with Soviet collaboration?
A. Bokaro
B. Salem
C. IISCO
D. Vijay Nagar
✅ Answer: A
📘 Explanation: Bokaro Steel Plant in Jharkhand was started in 1972 with assistance from the Soviet Union.


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Q7. The Durgapur steel plant was developed with the help of which country?
A. Germany
B. USA
C. United Kingdom
D. Japan
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Durgapur Steel Plant in West Bengal was developed with the assistance of the United Kingdom.


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Q8. Which of the following is a privately owned steel plant?
A. TISCO
B. Bhilai
C. Rourkela
D. Bokaro
✅ Answer: A
📘 Explanation: TISCO is under private ownership by Tata Group, unlike the others which are public sector units.


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Q9. Where is the Salem steel plant located?
A. Odisha
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Karnataka
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: The Salem Steel Plant is located in Tamil Nadu.


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Q10. Which steel plant is located in Andhra Pradesh?
A. IISCO
B. Visakhapatnam
C. Rourkela
D. Salem
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is located in Andhra Pradesh.




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🌱 Quiz Set 3: Environmental Organizations in India

📘 Source: Appendix-I, NCERT Class XII Geography


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Q1. Which organization is known for its work in wildlife research and conservation and has a domain name bnhs.org?
A. Wildlife Institute of India
B. Kalpavriksh
C. Bombay Natural History Society
D. Project Tiger
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS) is a premier institution in wildlife research and conservation.


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Q2. The official website of Project Tiger is—
A. http://www.tigerproject.org
B. http://www.projecttiger.nic.in
C. http://www.indiatiger.gov.in
D. http://www.savetiger.in
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Project Tiger’s official government website is http://projecttiger.nic.in.


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Q3. Which platform is a dedicated resource for bird watching in South Asia?
A. bnhs.org
B. birdwatch.org
C. birding.in
D. indiawildlife.org
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: http://www.birding.in/ is a portal for birdwatchers in India and South Asia.


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Q4. Kalpavriksh is—
A. A zoological survey institute
B. A tiger breeding center
C. An environmental action group
D. A government forestry department
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Kalpavriksh is a non-governmental organization focused on environment and development issues.


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Q5. Which organization has the domain name wildlife.in?
A. Wildlife Trust of India
B. Wildlife Conservation Society of India
C. WWF-India
D. National Wildlife Board
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: The domain http://www.wildlife.in belongs to the Wildlife Conservation Society of India.


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Q6. Where can one access environmental education material provided by CEE India?
A. cee.gov.in
B. ceeindia.org
C. environmentedu.in
D. cee.edu.in
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: The official site is http://www.ceeindia.org/cee/index.html.


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Q7. Which magazine provides updates on environmental issues and sustainable development?
A. Eco World
B. Down to Earth
C. Green India
D. Earthline
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Down to Earth is a well-known magazine on environmental and development issues.


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Q8. Wildlife Trust of India’s official website is—
A. wildlifetrustofindia.in
B. wti.org.in
C. wildlifetrust.org.in
D. wildlifetrustofindia.org
✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: The correct domain is http://www.wildlifetrustofindia.org/


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Q9. Which of the following focuses on environmental education in India?
A. Kalpavriksh
B. BNHS
C. CEE
D. Project Tiger
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Centre for Environment Education (CEE) focuses on developing programs and materials to increase public awareness.


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Q10. Which organization is directly concerned with conservation of tigers in India?
A. BNHS
B. Project Tiger
C. CEE
D. Kalpavriksh
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Project Tiger is a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 1973 to protect tigers in India.





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🧩 Quiz Set 4: Mixed MCQ from Appendix and Glossary

📘 Covers: Glossary + Steel Plants + Environmental Organizations


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Q1. What type of rock is formed from molten magma?
A. Sedimentary
B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossiliferous
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Igneous rocks are formed through the solidification of molten magma.


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Q2. Where is the Bhilai Steel Plant located?
A. Jharkhand
B. Odisha
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Tamil Nadu
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Bhilai is located in Chhattisgarh and was established with Soviet collaboration.


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Q3. What is the correct average geothermal gradient in the Earth’s crust?
A. 15°C/km
B. 25°C/km
C. 30°C/km
D. 45°C/km
✅ Answer: C


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Q4. The Durgapur steel plant was established with help from which country?
A. Germany
B. USA
C. Soviet Union
D. United Kingdom
✅ Answer: D
📘 Explanation: Durgapur Steel Plant in West Bengal was set up with British collaboration.


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Q5. The term humus refers to—
A. Water in soil
B. Decomposed organic matter
C. Mineral deposit
D. Heat in the earth’s crust
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: Humus improves soil fertility and is formed by decomposed plant and animal material.


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Q6. What does the acronym GDP stand for?
A. General Development Plan
B. Gross Domestic Product
C. Government Distribution Policy
D. Global Development Process
✅ Answer: B


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Q7. Which organization operates the website projecttiger.nic.in?
A. Kalpavriksh
B. BNHS
C. Project Tiger
D. Wildlife Trust of India
✅ Answer: C


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Q8. Which steel plant is located in Jamshedpur?
A. IISCO
B. TISCO
C. Bokaro
D. Rourkela
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: TISCO, India’s first private steel plant, is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.


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Q9. The term oil trap refers to—
A. A tool used in drilling
B. A coastal petroleum barrier
C. A geological structure storing oil
D. A machine part
✅ Answer: C


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Q10. Which Indian NGO is known for its focus on sustainable environment and development practices?
A. Project Tiger
B. CEE
C. Kalpavriksh
D. BNHS
✅ Answer: C





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🧠 Quiz Set 5: Advanced Mixed MCQs

📘 Source: NCERT Class XII Geography – Contemporary India – II (Glossary + Appendix)


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Q1. A geologist is studying a location with layers of sediment forming an arch shape. Which geological structure is this?
A. Syncline
B. Rift Valley
C. Anticline
D. Plateau
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: An arch-shaped fold in sedimentary layers is called an anticline.


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Q2. Which steel plant’s origin dates back to both private ownership and later nationalisation, and is located in West Bengal?
A. TISCO
B. IISCO
C. VISL
D. Salem
✅ Answer: B
📘 Explanation: IISCO (Indian Iron and Steel Company), initially private, was nationalised in 1972 and is located in Burnpur, West Bengal.


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Q3. A scientist is examining the increase in temperature while drilling deep into the Earth. Which term best describes this observation?
A. Thermal erosion
B. Geothermal gradient
C. Tectonic uplift
D. Volcanic shift
✅ Answer: B


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Q4. Which rock type, if found along fault lines and showing evidence of high pressure and heat transformation, is most likely being studied?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossiliferous
✅ Answer: C


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Q5. Which organization would most likely provide updated data on India’s bird biodiversity?
A. Down to Earth
B. Wildlife Trust of India
C. BNHS
D. Project Tiger
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: BNHS is known for its work on birds and biodiversity.


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Q6. If the government wants to evaluate the production performance of its economy excluding indirect taxes, which measure should it use?
A. GDP
B. GVA
C. CPI
D. NDP
✅ Answer: B


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Q7. You are reading an environmental education booklet created by a government-supported organization for schools. Most likely it was published by—
A. Kalpavriksh
B. CEE India
C. BNHS
D. Down to Earth
✅ Answer: B


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Q8. Which steel plant in the public sector was set up with UK collaboration in 1959?
A. Bhilai
B. Bokaro
C. Durgapur
D. Rourkela
✅ Answer: C


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Q9. If manganese nodules are to be extracted, which of the following areas should be explored?
A. River banks
B. Desert plains
C. Ocean floors
D. Forest basins
✅ Answer: C
📘 Explanation: Manganese nodules are commonly found on the deep ocean floor.


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Q10. A student preparing a presentation on tiger conservation should visit which official website for authentic data?
A. http://www.tigerindia.org
B. http://www.wildlife.in
C. http://www.kalpavriksh.org
D. http://www.projecttiger.nic.in
✅ Answer: D


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