Class VI Science – NCERT

Chapter 2: Components of Food

1. What are Nutrients?

The useful substances present in food are called nutrients.

They help our body grow, get energy, and stay healthy.

The main nutrients in food are:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals

In addition to these, food also contains water and dietary fibre.

2. Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our body.

When we eat carbohydrates, our body gets energy to work, play, and study.

Examples of carbohydrate-rich foods

• Rice
• Wheat
• Bread
• Potato
• Sugar
• Maize

So we can say:

Carbohydrates give energy to the body.

3. Proteins

Proteins help in growth and repair of the body.

They help build muscles and body tissues.

Examples of protein-rich foods

• Pulses
• Beans
• Milk
• Eggs
• Fish
• Meat
• Soybean

Proteins are called body-building foods.

4. Fats

Fats also give us energy.

In fact, fats give more energy than carbohydrates.

They also help keep our body warm.

Examples of fatty foods

• Butter
• Ghee
• Oil
• Nuts
• Cheese

However, eating too much fat is not good for health.

5. Vitamins

Vitamins protect our body from diseases and keep us healthy.

They are needed in small amounts.

Sources of Vitamins

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Milk
• Eggs

Example:

• Vitamin A – good for eyes
• Vitamin C – helps fight diseases
• Vitamin D – good for bones

6. Minerals

Minerals are also important nutrients required by our body.

They help in proper body functions.

Examples

• Calcium – strong bones and teeth
• Iron – healthy blood
• Iodine – proper growth

Sources of minerals

• Milk
• Green vegetables
• Fruits
• Eggs

7. Dietary Fibre (Roughage)

Dietary fibre is also called roughage.

It helps in digestion and keeps our digestive system healthy.

Sources of roughage

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Whole grains

8. Water

Water is another important component of food.

Water helps in:

• Digestion of food
• Transportation of nutrients
• Removal of waste from the body

We should drink plenty of clean water every day.

Balanced Diet

A diet that contains all nutrients in the right amount is called a balanced diet.

A balanced diet includes:

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
• Roughage

Eating a balanced diet keeps us healthy and active.

Thank you students. See you in the next class!