Class VI Science – NCERT
Chapter 2: Components of Food
Opening of the Class
Good morning students!
In our previous class we learned about Food – Where Does It Come From?
Today we will learn our next chapter called “Components of Food.”
Let me ask you a question.
If we eat rice every day, will our body get everything it needs?
No. Our body needs different kinds of nutrients to stay healthy.
These nutrients are called the components of food.
1. What are Nutrients?
The useful substances present in food are called nutrients.
They help our body grow, get energy, and stay healthy.
The main nutrients in food are:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
In addition to these, food also contains water and dietary fibre.
2. Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our body.
When we eat carbohydrates, our body gets energy to work, play, and study.
Examples of carbohydrate-rich foods
- Rice
- Wheat
- Bread
- Potato
- Sugar
- Maize
So we can say:
Carbohydrates give energy to the body.
3. Proteins
Proteins help in growth and repair of the body.
They help build muscles and body tissues.
Examples of protein-rich foods
- Pulses
- Beans
- Milk
- Eggs
- Fish
- Meat
- Soybean
Proteins are called body-building foods.
4. Fats
Fats also give us energy.
In fact, fats give more energy than carbohydrates.
They also help keep our body warm.
Examples of fatty foods
- Butter
- Ghee
- Oil
- Nuts
- Cheese
However, eating too much fat is not good for health.
5. Vitamins
Vitamins protect our body from diseases and keep us healthy.
They are needed in small amounts.
Sources of Vitamins
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Milk
- Eggs
Example:
- Vitamin A – good for eyes
- Vitamin C – helps fight diseases
- Vitamin D – good for bones
6. Minerals
Minerals are also important nutrients required by our body.
They help in proper body functions.
Examples
- Calcium – strong bones and teeth
- Iron – healthy blood
- Iodine – proper growth
Sources of minerals
- Milk
- Green vegetables
- Fruits
- Eggs
7. Dietary Fibre (Roughage)
Dietary fibre is also called roughage.
It helps in digestion and keeps our digestive system healthy.
Sources of roughage
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Whole grains
8. Water
Water is another important component of food.
Water helps in:
- Digestion of food
- Transportation of nutrients
- Removal of waste from the body
We should drink plenty of clean water every day.
Classroom Activity
Let us identify the nutrients in the following foods:
- Rice – Carbohydrates
- Egg – Protein
- Butter – Fat
- Spinach – Vitamins and minerals
- Milk – Protein, vitamins and minerals
Balanced Diet
A diet that contains all nutrients in the right amount is called a balanced diet.
A balanced diet includes:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
- Roughage
Eating a balanced diet keeps us healthy and active.
Summary
- Food contains nutrients called components of food.
- Main nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
- Carbohydrates give energy.
- Proteins help in body growth.
- Fats provide extra energy.
- Vitamins and minerals protect us from diseases.
- Roughage helps digestion.
- Water is essential for body functions.
Homework
- Name the five main nutrients.
- Which nutrient gives energy to the body?
- Write two examples of protein-rich foods.
- What is a balanced diet?
Thank you students. See you in the next class!