Here are 50 Questions and Answers based on Class X Geography Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources from NCERT’s Contemporary India – II.


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📘 Chapter: Minerals and Energy Resources – 50 Questions and Answers

Section A: One-Liner Questions (Objective Style)

1. Q: What is the hardest known mineral?
A: Diamond.


2. Q: Which mineral is the basic raw material for cement?
A: Limestone.


3. Q: Which mineral is used to reduce cavities in toothpaste?
A: Fluorite.


4. Q: What type of mineral is mica?
A: Non-metallic.


5. Q: What is the most important industrial iron ore?
A: Hematite.


6. Q: Which iron ore has magnetic properties?
A: Magnetite.


7. Q: Name the leading state in bauxite production in India.
A: Odisha.


8. Q: Which mineral is formed due to evaporation in arid regions?
A: Gypsum.


9. Q: Which mineral is found in placer deposits?
A: Gold.


10. Q: Where is the Kudremukh iron ore mine located?
A: Karnataka.



Section B: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

11. Which of the following is a ferrous mineral?
a) Bauxite
b) Mica
c) Iron ore ✅
d) Limestone


12. Koderma in Jharkhand is famous for which mineral?
a) Copper
b) Mica ✅
c) Bauxite
d) Zinc


13. Coal found in north-eastern India is from which age?
a) Gondwana
b) Tertiary ✅
c) Precambrian
d) Mesozoic


14. Which mineral is obtained from Monazite sands?
a) Uranium
b) Thorium ✅
c) Iron
d) Bauxite


15. Which energy source is renewable?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Solar ✅
d) Natural Gas


16. Which state has the largest reserves of manganese?
a) Maharashtra
b) Odisha
c) Madhya Pradesh ✅
d) Andhra Pradesh


17. Copper is mostly used in:
a) Cement
b) Textile
c) Electrical Cables ✅
d) Ceramics


18. Which coal type has the highest carbon content?
a) Lignite
b) Peat
c) Bituminous
d) Anthracite ✅


19. Which mineral is used in electronics due to its insulating properties?
a) Mica ✅
b) Limestone
c) Bauxite
d) Graphite


20. What kind of deposits form bauxite?
a) Veins
b) Alluvial
c) Residual ✅
d) Placer



Section C: Short Answer (30–50 words)

21. Define a mineral.
A mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure found in varied forms from hardest (diamond) to softest (talc).


22. Differentiate between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.
Ferrous minerals contain iron (e.g., iron ore, manganese), while non-ferrous minerals do not (e.g., copper, bauxite).


23. What is rat-hole mining?
A narrow, unscientific mining method used mainly in Meghalaya, where minerals are extracted through vertical tunnels.


24. What are placer deposits?
Minerals found in sands of valley floors and base of hills, resistant to water corrosion. E.g., gold and tin.


25. Why is mica important in industry?
It has insulating properties, low power loss, and high voltage resistance—making it essential for electronics.



Section D: Long Answer (100–120 words)

26. Explain the distribution of coal in India.
Coal is found in Gondwana and Tertiary rock series. Major Gondwana coalfields are in Damodar valley (West Bengal, Jharkhand) — Jharia, Bokaro, and Raniganj. Other areas include Godavari, Mahanadi, Son, and Wardha valleys. Tertiary coal is found in Meghalaya, Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh.


27. Why is solar energy considered the future in India?
India, being a tropical country, receives ample sunlight throughout the year. Solar energy is clean, renewable, and ideal for remote areas. It reduces dependency on fossil fuels, which are depleting and polluting, thus contributing to sustainable development.



Section E: Match the Following

28. Iron Ore → Odisha


29. Copper → Khetri (Rajasthan)


30. Bauxite → Koraput (Odisha)


31. Limestone → Cement Industry


32. Mica → Electronic Industry



Section F: Fill in the Blanks

33. __________ is the finest iron ore with magnetic properties.
→ Magnetite


34. __________ coal has the highest quality.
→ Anthracite


35. __________ belt is known for mica in Andhra Pradesh.
→ Nellore


36. Bauxite is the ore of __________.
→ Aluminium


37. __________ in Gujarat is a major petroleum-producing area.
→ Ankleshwar


38. __________ power is generated from flowing water.
→ Hydroelectric


39. The first gas pipeline was __________.
→ HVJ (Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur)


40. __________ is a renewable energy source from organic waste.
→ Biogas



Section G: True/False

41. Coal is a renewable source of energy. → False


42. Kudremukh is known for exporting iron ore. → True


43. Bauxite forms through evaporation. → False


44. Manganese is used in steel-making. → True


45. Peat is a high-grade coal. → False



Section H: Diagram/Map Based Questions

46. Name any two offshore petroleum fields in western India.
→ Mumbai High, Bassein


47. Mark any two states with major bauxite reserves.
→ Odisha, Gujarat


48. Which region is known as a storehouse of minerals in India?
→ Chota Nagpur Plateau


49. Mention two river valley projects that produce hydroelectricity.
→ Bhakra Nangal, Damodar Valley Corporation


50. Where is the geothermal energy project located in Himachal Pradesh?
→ Manikaran (Parvati Valley)




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