Here are 100 One-Liner GK Facts from Unit II – World of Living (Class X Science, NCERT), covering the chapters Life Processes, Control and Coordination, Reproduction, and Heredity and Evolution. These are perfect for quick revision, quizzes, and competitive prep.


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🧬 Chapter 5: Life Processes (25 Facts)

1. Life processes are activities performed by living organisms to stay alive.


2. Nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion are basic life processes.


3. Autotrophs make their own food through photosynthesis.


4. Heterotrophs depend on others for food.


5. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of green plants.


6. Chlorophyll captures sunlight for photosynthesis.


7. The photosynthesis equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.


8. Stomata control gas exchange in leaves.


9. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion are stages of nutrition in humans.


10. The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid for digestion.


11. The liver secretes bile, which emulsifies fats.


12. Pancreas produces insulin and digestive enzymes.


13. Villi in the small intestine increase the surface area for absorption.


14. Respiration releases energy from food.


15. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen; anaerobic does not.


16. Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration.


17. Lungs are the respiratory organs in humans.


18. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells.


19. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.


20. Veins bring blood back to the heart.


21. The human heart has four chambers.


22. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney.


23. Excretion removes metabolic waste from the body.


24. Plants excrete waste through transpiration and diffusion.


25. Dialysis is used for kidney failure patients.




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🧠 Chapter 6: Control and Coordination (25 Facts)

26. Control and coordination help organisms respond to stimuli.


27. The nervous system and endocrine system coordinate body activities.


28. Neurons are the basic units of the nervous system.


29. A neuron consists of dendrites, cell body, and axon.


30. Synapse is the junction between two neurons.


31. Reflex actions are automatic and quick responses.


32. The spinal cord controls reflex actions.


33. Brain is protected by the skull and cerebrospinal fluid.


34. The human brain has three main parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla.


35. Cerebrum controls thinking and voluntary actions.


36. Cerebellum controls balance and posture.


37. Medulla regulates heartbeat and breathing.


38. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.


39. Pituitary gland is the master gland of the body.


40. Adrenaline hormone prepares the body for “fight or flight.”


41. Thyroid gland produces thyroxine that controls metabolism.


42. Pancreas secretes insulin that controls blood sugar.


43. Plant hormones are called phytohormones.


44. Auxins control growth in plants.


45. Gibberellins promote stem elongation.


46. Cytokinins help in cell division.


47. Abscisic acid controls dormancy and leaf fall.


48. Tropism is plant movement in response to stimuli.


49. Phototropism is movement toward light.


50. Geotropism is response to gravity.




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🌱 Chapter 7: Reproduction (25 Facts)

51. Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring.


52. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent.


53. Binary fission occurs in Amoeba.


54. Budding is seen in Hydra and Yeast.


55. Spore formation is common in fungi.


56. Fragmentation occurs in Spirogyra.


57. Regeneration occurs in Planaria.


58. Sexual reproduction involves two parents.


59. Gametes are male and female sex cells.


60. Fertilization is the fusion of male and female gametes.


61. Zygote is formed after fertilization.


62. In humans, fertilization is internal.


63. Testes produce sperm in males.


64. Ovaries produce eggs in females.


65. Uterus is where embryo develops in humans.


66. Menstruation is a monthly cycle in females.


67. Menstrual cycle is about 28 days long.


68. Contraceptive methods prevent unwanted pregnancy.


69. Vasectomy and tubectomy are surgical methods of contraception.


70. Sexual reproduction leads to variation.


71. Reproductive health is essential for well-being.


72. Reproductive cloning produces genetically identical copies.


73. DNA copying is not 100% accurate.


74. Plants reproduce through seeds, cuttings, grafting, etc.


75. Pollination is transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.




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🧬 Chapter 8: Heredity and Evolution (25 Facts)

76. Heredity is the transfer of traits from parents to offspring.


77. Traits are characteristics passed from one generation to another.


78. Genes are units of heredity.


79. DNA is the genetic material in cells.


80. Chromosomes carry genes.


81. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.


82. Sex chromosomes determine gender.


83. XX = female, XY = male in humans.


84. Mendel is the father of genetics.


85. Mendel worked on pea plants to study inheritance.


86. Dominant traits mask recessive traits.


87. 3:1 ratio is typical in monohybrid cross.


88. Genotype is the genetic makeup.


89. Phenotype is the observable trait.


90. Evolution is the gradual change in living organisms over time.


91. Natural selection is a key mechanism of evolution.


92. Fossils provide evidence of evolution.


93. Homologous organs have same origin but different functions.


94. Analogous organs have different origin but same function.


95. Speciation is the formation of new species.


96. Variation is important for evolution.


97. Charles Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection.


98. The more similar the DNA, the closer the organisms are.


99. Evolution does not imply progress, but adaptation.


100. Birds evolved from reptiles according to fossil records.




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