📘 Class X English Grammar: Pronoun (सर्वनाम)

📌 Definition

A Pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.
Example: Riya is a doctor. She works in a hospital.

हिंदी में: सर्वनाम वह शब्द होता है जो संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग होता है, जिससे बार-बार नाम दोहराना न पड़े।
उदाहरण: रिया डॉक्टर है। वह अस्पताल में काम करती है।

📚 Types of Pronouns (सर्वनाम के प्रकार)

Type	Explanation	Hindi	Example
Personal Pronoun	Refers to a person or thing	पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम	I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Reflexive Pronoun	Refers back to the subject	निजवाचक सर्वनाम	myself, herself, themselves
Demonstrative Pronoun	Points out something	संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम	this, that, these, those
Interrogative Pronoun	Used to ask questions	प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम	who, what, which
Relative Pronoun	Connects clauses	सम्बंधवाचक सर्वनाम	who, which, that
Indefinite Pronoun	Refers to no one in particular	अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम	someone, anyone, everything
Possessive Pronoun	Shows ownership	स्वामित्ववाचक सर्वनाम	mine, yours, theirs

🚫 Common Errors in Pronouns

• ❌ He myself did the work. ✅ He himself did the work.
• ❌ Each of the boys have books. ✅ Each of the boys has books.
• ❌ This are my friends. ✅ These are my friends.
• ❌ Who do you want? ✅ Whom do you want?
• ❌ Me and John went there. ✅ John and I went there.

🧠 MCQ Quiz on Pronouns

1. Which of the following is a personal pronoun?
   a) who
   b) this
   c) they
   d) myself
   ✅ Answer: c) they
   Explanation: ‘They’ refers to people and is a personal pronoun.
2. Choose the reflexive pronoun:
   a) their
   b) myself
   c) what
   d) them
   ✅ Answer: b) myself
   Explanation: Reflexive pronouns end in -self or -selves.
3. “This is my book.” — ‘This’ is a:
   a) relative pronoun
   b) demonstrative pronoun
   c) personal pronoun
   d) reflexive pronoun
   ✅ Answer: b) demonstrative pronoun
   Explanation: ‘This’ points to a specific object.
4. Which pronoun correctly completes the sentence: “John and ___ went to school”?
   a) me
   b) him
   c) I
   d) mine
   ✅ Answer: c) I
   Explanation: ‘I’ is the subject of the verb.
5. Which of the following is a possessive pronoun?
   a) my
   b) mine
   c) me
   d) I
   ✅ Answer: b) mine
   Explanation: ‘Mine’ shows ownership.
6. “Who is at the door?” — Here ‘Who’ is:
   a) personal pronoun
   b) demonstrative pronoun
   c) interrogative pronoun
   d) relative pronoun
   ✅ Answer: c) interrogative pronoun
   Explanation: ‘Who’ asks a question.
7. Identify the relative pronoun:
   a) whom
   b) these
   c) their
   d) ourselves
   ✅ Answer: a) whom
   Explanation: ‘Whom’ is used to join clauses.
8. Which is an indefinite pronoun?
   a) anybody
   b) her
   c) that
   d) I
   ✅ Answer: a) anybody
   Explanation: ‘Anybody’ does not refer to any specific person.
9. Find the error: “Each of the girls have a pen.”
   a) Each
   b) of the girls
   c) have
   d) a pen
   ✅ Answer: c) have
   Explanation: ‘Each’ takes a singular verb: ‘has’.
10. Select the correct sentence:
    a) He himself did the work.
    b) He myself did the work.
    c) He themselves did the work.
    d) He itself did the work.
    ✅ Answer: a) He himself did the work.
    Explanation: ‘Himself’ matches the subject ‘he’.